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THE 


BOTANICAL  RHCORD  BOOK 


CONTAINING 


DIRECTIONS    FOR    LABORATORY    WORK 

IX    BOTANY,    LIST   OK    BOTANICAL    TERMS.    SPACES    pnp 

DRAWINGS    AND    OBSIvR^'ATIONS,    PREPARED 

BLANKS     FOR      RECORDING     THE 

ANALYSES  OF  PLANTS, 

ETC. 


PREPARED    FOR     THE    USE    OF   SCHOOLS 


JCSIAH    KEEP,   R.  M. 

Professor  of  Natural  Science, 
Mirj.S  COLLEGE. 


Puh/ishrd  by  the  ^\ift;^r.  Mills  College,  Ahuncda  Coitnly.  Cahforniu. 


o 

o 

00 

o 


SAN    FRANCISCO: 

!l.  S.  Crocker  Si  Co.,  Stationkrp  and  Printkrs, 

ii5,  217  inO  21"  Uiisli  Street. 

1890. 


^ 


oF'CALlFogr'lAr^WRITfRS . 


LIBRAK\ 

OF   THK 

University  of  California. 

GIFT  OF 
BOARD  OF  LADY  MANAGER'S  ALAMEDA  CO.  WORLD'S  FAIR  ASSOCIATION 


Received         x/yL^X^iyf^  .  i8qS 


Accession  No.  (oO ^.^If.   '^ Chi?>s  No.  ""^ 


V 


Oofl.j)ofio|].9«flvQ.fl»i!oO-fl" 


THE 


BOTANICAL  RECORD  BOOK 


CONTAINING 


DIRECTIONS    FOR    LABORATORY    WORK 

IN   BOTANY,    LIST  OF    BOTANICAL   TERMS,    SPACES    FOR 

DRAWINGS   AND   OBSERVATIONS,    PREPARED 

BLANKS     FOR     RECORDING    THE 

ANALYSES  OF  PLANTS, 

ETC. 


PREPARED    FOR    THE    USE    OF  SCHOOLS 


JOSmH    KEEP,   fl.  M., 

Professor  of  Natural  Science, 
MILLS  COLLEGE. 


Published  by  the  Author,  Mills  College,  Alameda  County,  California. 


SAN   FRANCISCO: 

H.  S.  Crocker  &  Co.,  Stationers  and  Printers, 

215,  217  and  219  Bush  Street. 


1S90. 


TVTIlSTTTr 


-:^ 


Ut^S' 


copyright, 
By  JOSIAH    keep, 


INTRODUCTION. 


Whatever  can  aid  either  teacher  or  pupil  in  the  study  of  Botany  is  worthy  of 
attention.  Especially  is  this  true  when  the  promised  aid  lies  in  the  direction  of  making 
simple  a  series  of  actual  experiments  and  observations  upon  plants  and  vegetable 
productions.  There  is  very  much  to  learn  in  the  short  time  usually  allotted  to  the  study 
of  this  science,  —  the  structure  and  morphology  of  the  different  parts  and  organs  of  the 
plant,  the  meaning  of  many  new  terras,  the  methods  of  analysis  and  classification,  and 
the  main  features  of  the  chief  botanical  orders  or  families.  Moreover,  the  study  of  books 
and  charts  is  not  sufficient ;  but  the  pupil  should  see  and  handle  the  objects  of  which 
the  lesson  treats,  and,  if  possible,  should  gather  living  specimens  on  the  hills  and  in 
the  meadows.  The  characteristics  of  the  plant  having  been  studied,  a  specimen  should 
be  carefully  pressed,  and  at  length  should  find  a  permanent  resting  place  in  that  botanical 
casket,  the  student's  herbarium.  All  of  this  work  takes  time;  hence  the  course  should 
be  laid  out  orderly  and  with  care. 

The  following  pages  have  been  prepared  with  a  view  to  attaining  the  most  complete 
results  consistent  with  the  amount  of  time  which  the  student  can  ordinarily  devote  to 
this  study.  If  a  record  page  is  crowded  with  spaces  requiring  detailed  entries,  the  pupil 
is  apt  to  be  discouraged  by  the  formidable  task,  and  to  slight  or  wholly  omit  certain 
portions ;  besides,  the  writing  must  be  cramped  on  account  of  insufficient  space.  In  the 
following  blanks  enough  space  has  been  provided  so  that  the  penmanship  may  be  clear; 
and,  while  the  essential  features  of  description  are  retained,  the  list  is  not  made  so 
exhaustive  as  to  appear  discouraging. 

It  is  believed  by  the  author,  after  a  considerable  experience  in  teaching  this  science, 
that  for  most  of  our  pupils  such  a  course  is  to  be  preferred  to  one  which  demands 
numerous  and  obscure  details. 

In  the  preparation  of  the  topics  and  blanks  for  laboratory  work,  the  same  rule  has 
been  kept  in  mind ;  the  attention  has  been  directed  to  the  most  important  features,  and 
convenient  spaces  have  been  prepared  for  the  records. 

Suggestions  Concerning  Laboratory  Work. 

The  work  indicated  on  the  following  pages  is  of  great  value  in  the  study  of  Botany, 
and  none  of  the  ten  subjects  should  be  omitted.  If  the  available  time  is  too  limited  for 
them  all,  a  less  number  of  specimens  than  is  recommended  for  each  subject  may  be 
examined ;  on  the  other  hand,  additional  work  can  be  devised  by  the  teacher  who  has 
an  abundance  of  time  at  his  command. 

The  various  subjects  should  be  taken  up  soon  after  they  have  been  studied  in  the 
text-book,  while  the  interest  of  the  pupil  is  keen.       The  collection  of  flowers  for  the 

''    Off   T' 


4  INTRODUCTION. 

herbarium  should  be  begun  as  early  in  the  season  as  good  specimens  can  be  obtained; 
and  observations  upon  the  same  should  be  recorded  so  far  as  the  pupils  understand 
the  terms.  Any  blank  spaces  can  usually  be  filled  later  in  the  season.  It  is  hardly 
necessary  to  say  that  nothing  should  be  recorded  which  has  not  been  actually  seen  by 
the  pupil  who  is  making  the  record.  It  is  desirable  that  the  teacher  should  give  some 
simple  instruction  in  drawing.  Outline  drawings  at  least  can  be  made  by  all,  while  the 
shading  may  be  added  by  those  who  are  able  to  do  so.  Every  pupil  should  make  the 
drawings,  endeavoring  to  express  what  has  been  really  seen.  While  all  should  tr>'  to 
draw  well,  the  teacher  will  make  allowance  for  differences  in  artistic  taste  and  skill.  If 
this  plan  is  faithfully  carried  out,  the  Record  Book  may  become  an  object  of  much 
interest,  and  perhaps  of  beauty  also. 

In  the  study  of  solid  objects,  like  seeds,  buds,  etc.,  three  drawings  should  be  made: — 
the  first,  of  the  object  as  a  whole;  the  second,  of  a  longitudinal  section  along  the  axis; 
while  the  third  should  represent  a  transverse  section  through  the  center.  In  the  case 
of  a  bud,  e.g.,  the  first  will  represent  it  on  the  twig,  the  second  will  clearly  show  the 
relation  of  the  scales  and  immature  leaves  to  the  axis,  and  the  third  will  present  their 
relation  to  one  another.  Good  earnest  work  in  this  part  of  the  study  of  Botany  will  amply 
repay  the  patient  student;  and  the  teacher  who  leads  the  pupil  on  in  the  investigation  of 
these  interesting  phases  of  the  Creator's  handiwork  will  not  fail  of  a  reward. 

The  tools  needed  by  each  pupil  are  a  lens,  or  simple  microscope,  a  sharp  knife,  a 
few  needles  set  in  handles,  and  a  small  metric  rule  for  taking  measurements.  In  the 
schoolroom  there  should  be  a  compound  microscope,  a  hone  for  sharpening  knives  and 
needles,  and  a  few  boxes  for  holding  material  and  apparatus.  Of  the  many  presses  used 
for  preparing  plants  for  the  herbarium,  the  author  has  found  none  of  such  general  use 
as  the  lattice- work  press  made  by  Jas.  W.  Queen  &  Co.,  of  Philadelphia. 

Schedule  of  Exercises. 

In  each  case,  the  student  will  follow  the  outline  for  the  subject  as  given  on  the 
following  pages. 

1.  Plant  several  kinds  of  seeds,  and  record  observations. 

2.  Study  six  seeds  according  to  the  directions  given. 

3.  Examine  four  buds;  make  three  drawings  of  each. 

4.  Study  a  root,  a  bulb  and  a  tuber. 

5.  Study  ten  leaves;  make  one  drawing  of  each. 

6.  Observ^e  four  fruits,  making  proper  records  and  drawings. 

7.  Make  and  study  transverse  sections  of  the  stem  of  an  exogen  and  of  an  endogen. 

8.  Examine  with  the  compound  microscope  the  pollen  of  several  flowers;   make 

drawings,  and  record  shape,  color,  etc. 

9.  Record  in  this  book  the  required  observations  on  forty  different  species  of  plants. 
10.     Make  an  herbarium  of  at  least  fifty  specimens  of  dried  and  mounted  plants. 

Put  on  each  a  number  corresponding  with  its  page  in  the  Record  Book. 


OUTLIiNES  FOR  LABORATORY  WORK. 


I.    PLANT    RAISING. 

At  the  beginning  of  the  term  let  each  pupil  plant  a  few  seeds,  either  in  a  garden  or 
in  a  flower  pot,  and  then  watch  the  growth  of  the  seedlings,  draw  the  plantlets,  and 
record  observations.  The  seeds  of  flax  and  of  the  Morning  Glory  are  recommended,  also 
beans,  peas,  and  squash  seeds. 

Note. — On  the  blank  pages  which  follow,  the  column  for  drawings  is  alwaj's  numbered  (i),  while 
the  lines  are  numbered  from  2  to  10.  This  is  done  for  uniformity,  and  does  not  mean  that  the  drawings 
should  always  be  made  first.  The  record  for  each  topic,  however,  should  be  placed  on  the  line  whose 
number  corresponds  with  that  of  the  topic.  In  this  way  explanatory  writing  will  be  avoided,  as  each 
answer  can  be  referred  to  its  proper  question  or  topic.  The  record  or  answer  should  usually  be  brief 
and  concise,  and  should  express  in  a  few  words  the  main  points  of  the  object  under  consideration. 


TOPICS. 

1.  Drawings  of  plantlets. 

2.  Date  of  planting. 

3.  Name  and  number  of  seeds. 

4.  Dates  when  plantlets  came  up. 


5.  Their  manner  of  growth. 

6.  Details  of  culture. 

7.  Date  of  flowering. 

8-10.     Results,  for  each  kind. 


11.    SEEDS. 

Use  large,  well-formed  seeds  ;  prepare  by  soaking  in  water  for  twelve  hours  or  more. 
Select  such  a  variety  of  seeds  as  will  best  exhibit  the  chief  forms  of  embryo  and  albumen. 
The  following  are  recommended  and  in  the  order  mentioned  :  Squash  seeds,  beans,  peas, 
buckeyes  or  horse  chestnuts,  Morning  Glory  seeds,  corn,  and  pine  nuts. 


TOPICS. 


Drawings. 

Name  of  seed. 

Size  (in  millimeters). 

Surface. 

Hilum,  shape  and  position. 


Coats. 

Cotyledons. 

Caulicle. 

Plumule. 

Albumen. 


OUTLINES   FOR   LABORATORY   WORK. 


III.   BUDS. 


Select  a  few  large,  well-formed  buds,  like  those  of  the  buckeye,  walnut,  cherry, 
maple  and  willow.  Make  a  drawing  of  the  bud  on  the  twig,  also  of  a  longitudinal  and 
of  a  transverse  section. 


TOPICS. 


Drawings. 

Name. 

Size. 

Arrangement  on  twig. 

Color. 


6.  Varnish,  etc. 

7.  Scales. 

8.  Interior  structure. 

9.  Leaf  bud  or  flower  bud  ? 
10.  Remarks. 


IV.  ROOTS,  TUBERS  AND  BULBS. 

A  carrot,  a  potato,  and  an  onion  will  serve  as  typical  specimens.  The  structure  and 
peculiarities  of  each  should  be  carefully  noted.  Make  drawings  of  each  as  a  whole,  also 
of  sections,  both  transverse  and  longitudinal. 


TOPICS. 


Drawings. 
Name  and  kind. 
Size. 

color    {Ej:;-f 
Surface. 


6 

7 
8 

9 

ID 


Texture. 

Internal  structure. 
Bud  or  buds. 
Rootlets. 
Remarks. 


V.    LEAVES. 

Select   various   kinds   of   leaves    to   illustrate   the   different   forms.       If  the  leaf  is 
compound,  describe  one  leaflet,  and  show  the  form  of  the  whole  by  the  drawings. 


TOPICS. 

I. 

Draw  outline  and  venation. 

6. 

Margin. 

2. 

Name. 

7- 

Apex  and  base. 

3- 

Size. 

8. 

Venation. 

4- 

Surfaces. 

9- 

Petiole  and  stipules. 

5- 

Shape. 

10. 

Microscopic  structure 

OUTLINES    FOR   LABORATORY   WORK. 


VI.     FRUITS. 

Take  such  as  may  be  obtained  easily;  for  example,  apples,  cranberries,  pods  of  the 
pea,  radish,  or  mustard,  mallow  "cheeses,"  etc.  Remember  that  "The  ovary  matures 
into  the  fruit. ' ' 


Drawings. 

Name  and  class. 

Size. 

Color. 

Pericarp. 


TOPICS. 
6. 

7- 
8. 

9- 

ID. 


Number  of  seeds. 

Their  position. 

Stem. 

What  part  of  this  fruit  is  of  value  ? 

Remarks. 


VII.    STEMS. 

Sections  of  stems,  both  herbaceous  and  woody,  can  easily  be  made  with  a  knife  or 
saw,  and  are  very  interesting,  especially  when  examined  with  a  lens  or  a  compound 
microscope. 

TOPICS. 


Drawings. 
Name  of  plant. 
Kind  of  stem. 
Size. 
Age. 


6.  Pith. 

7.  Wood,  how  arranged? 

8.  Bark. 

9.  Medullary  rays. 
10.  Ducts. 


VIII.     POLLEN. 

The  study  of  pollen  will  depend  largely  upon  the  microscope  at  command  ;  but  many 
interesting  facts  may  be  learned  by  observation  with  a  simple  lens. 


TOPICS. 


I. 

Drawings. 

6. 

Are  the  flowers  perfect  ? 

2 

From  what  flower  ? 

7- 

Are  all  the  pollen  grains  alike  ? 

3- 

Size. 

8. 

How  distributed  ? 

4- 

Color. 

9- 

Adhesion  to  stigma. 

5 

Abundance. 

10. 

Remarks. 

Subjects  IX  and  X  are  provided  for  in  the  latter  part  of  this  book.  They  should  be 
taken  up  as  early  in  the  term  as  circumstances  permit;  and  their  faithful  study  will  bring 
much  pleasure  to  both  pupil  and  teacher. 


TERMS   MOST  COMMONLY  USED   IN  THE   DESCRIPTION  OF 

PLANTS. 


Stem. 

Class, — exogenous,  endogenous. 

Character,  —  herbaceous,  suflfrutescent,  sufFruticose,  fruticose,  arborescent, 
arboreous. 

Leaf. 

Insertion, — alternate,  opposite,  vvhorled. 

Venation, — pinni-netted,  palmi-netted,  parallel-veined. 

Form, — linear,  lanceolate,  falcate,  oblong,  elliptical,  oval,  ovate,  orbicular, 
oblanceolate,  spatulate,  deltoid,  cuneate,  cordate,  obcordate,  reniform, 
sagittate,  hastate,  peltate,  pinnately  compound,  palmately  compound. 

Margin, — Entire,  serrate,  dentate,  crenate,  wav5^  incised,  lobed,  cleft,  parted, 
divided. 

Surface, — smooth,  glabrous,  pubescent,  hirsute,  hispid. 

Flower. 

Inflorescence, — solitary,   raceme,   corymb,   umbel,    spike,    head,   spadix,  catkin, 

panicle,  cyme,  fascicle,  glomerule,  scorpioid. 
Perfectness, — perfect,  monoecious,  dioecious. 
Regularity , — regular,  irregular. 
■'   Cohesion, — polype'talous,  gamopetalous,  apetalous. 

Shape  of  corolla, — rosaceous,    cruciform,     papilionaceous,    anomalous,    rotate, 
campanulate,    funnel-shaped,  tubular,    salver-shaped,  labiate,   ligulate. 
'    hisertion  of  stamens, — hypogynous,  perigynous,  epigynous,  epipetalous,  gynan- 
drous. 

Ovary. 

Cohesion  of  carpels, — distinct,  compound. 

Shape  of  ovaty, — long,  short,  globular,  flattened,  compressed,  lenticular, 
Place7itation, — axile,  parietal,  free-central. 

Fruit, — berry,  drupe,  pome,  akene,  nut,  caryopsis,  follicle,  legume,  capsule, 
silique,  silicle,  cone,  aggregate,  collective. 

Habitat.     Fields,  marsh,  woods,  etc. 

Locality.    Town  and  State. 


;)  — 


o 

M 
< 

o 

E  1 

w 

Q 


Regularity- 
No.  of  sepals 
Shape  of  corolla 
Insertion  of  stamens 
No.  of  carpels 
Cohesion 
Shape  of  ovar>' 

No.  of  cells No.  of  ovules 

Placentation 

Fruit 

Famil)^  or  Order 

Genus 

Common  Name  ., 

Habitat 

Remarks 


Species 


Locality. 


Si 


—  10  — 
.  f  No Date 

Class. _ Character. 

Insertion „ 

Venation _ 

Form „ _ 

Margin 

Upper  surface 

Lower  surface^ 

Inflorescence _.„ Perfectness 

Regularity Cohesion 

I  -j  No.  of  sepals No.  of  petals  ... 

Shape  of  corolla  „ „ Color 

Insertion  of  stamens No.  of  stamens 

No.  of  carpels 

Cohesion 

Shape  of  ovary. 

No.  of  cells No.  of  ovules 

Placentation 

Fruit 

Family  or  Order 

Genus Species 

Common  Name 

Habitat Locality 

Remarks  


No. 


—  11  — 
Date.. 


O 

o 

s  ■ 

w 

Q 


Class Character. 

Insertion 

Venation 

Form 

Margin  

Upper  surface 

Lower  surface 

Inflorescence 

Regularity 

No.  of  sepals 

Shape  of  corolla  

Insertion  of  stamens 

No.  of  carpels 

Cohesion 

Shape  of  ovary 

No.  of  cells No.  of  ovules. 

Placentation 

Fruit 

Family  or  Order 

Genus 

Common  Name 

Habitat 

Remarks 


Perfectness 

Cohesion 

No.  of  petals 

Color 

No.  of  stamens.. 


Species 


Locality.. 


No 

Class- „ 

Insertion 

Venation 

Form „ 

Margin „ 

Upper  surface 

lyower  surface,^ „ 

Inflorescence 

Regularity 

No.  of  sepals 

Shape  of  corolla _ _ 

Insertion  of  stamens 

No.  of  carpels ,. 

Cohesion 

Shape  of  ovary ...... 

No.  of  cells No.  of  ovules 

Placentation 

Fruit „ 

Family  or  Order 

Genus 

Common  Name 

Habitat 

Remarks  


12  — 
Pate 

Character. 


Perfectness 

Cohesion 

No.  of  petals 

Color 

No.  of  stamens . 


Species 


Locality. 


o 


'  No 

Class  

Insertion 

Venation 

Form 

Margin  „ 

Upper  surface 

Lower  surface 

Inflorescence 

Regularity 

No.  of  sepals 

Shape  of  corolla  

Insertion  of  stamens 

No.  of  carpels 

Cohesion 

Shape  of  ovary 

No.  of  cells No.  of  ovules 

Placentation 


—  13  — 
Date 

Character 


Perfectness 

Cohesion 

No.  of  petals 

Color _ 

No.  of  stamens 


Fruit 

Family  or  Order 

Genus 

Common  Name  ... 

Habitat 

Remarks 


Species 


Locality.. 


Family  or  Order 

Genus 

Common  Name  .., 

Habitat 

Remarks 


Species 


Locality. 


w  • 


o 


No 

Class 

Insertion 

Venation 

Form 

Margin  

Upper  surface  

Lower  surface 

Inflorescence 

Regularity 

No.  of  sepals 

Shape  of  corolla  

Insertion  of  stamens 

No.  of  carpels 

Cohesion 

Shape  of  ovary 

No.  of  cells No.  of  ovules 

Placentation 

Fruit 

Family  or  Order 

Genus 

Common  Name 

Habitat 

Remarks 


Date 

Character. 


Perfectness 

Cohesion 

No.  of  petals 

Color _ 

No.  of  stamens 


Species 


Locality.. 


IG  — 
Date. 


f  No 

Class _ Character. 

Insertion „ 

Venation _ 

Form „ „ 

Margin  

Upper  surface 

Lower  surface 

Inflorescence Perfectness 

Regularity Cohesion 

No.  of  sepals No.  of  petals 

Shape  of  corolla  Color 

Insertion  of  stamens No.  of  stamens.. 

No.  of  ca'rpels - 

Cohesion 

Shape  of  ovary 

No.  of  cells No.  of  ovules 

Placentation 

Fruit 

Family  or  Order 

Genus Species  .. 

Common  Name 

Habitat Locality. 

_  Remarks 


—  17  — 

No Date 

Class Character. 

Insertion 

Venation 

Form 

Margin  

Upper  surface 

Lower  surface 

Inflorescence 

Regularity 


^  -i  No.  of  sepals. 

U 

Shape  of  corolla  

Insertion  of  stamens 
No.  of  carpels 


Perfectness 

Cohesion 

No.  of  petals 

Color 

No.  of  stamens.. 


>< 
c 


Cohesion 

Shape  of  ovary 

No.  of  cells No.  of  ovules. 

Placentation 

Fruit 

Family  or  Order 

Genus 

Common  Name 

Habitat 

Remarks 


Species 


Locality.. 


f  No. 


18  — 
Date. 


Class Character 

Insertion 

Venation 

Form 

Margin  

Upper  surface 

Lower  surface 

Inflorescence Perfectness.. 


Regularity 

No.  of  sepals 

Shape  of  corolla  

Insertion  of  stamens 

No.  of  carpels 

Cohesion 

Shape  of  ovary 

No.  of  cells No.  of  ovules. 

Placentation 


Cohesion 

No.  of  petals 

Color 

No.  of  stamens. 


Fruit. 


Family  or  Order 

Genus 

fe  ■!  Common  Name  ... 

Habitat 

Remarks 


Species 


Locality. 


FLOWER. 


—  10  — 
No Date 

Class Character. 

Insertion 

Venation 

Form 

Margin  

Upper  surface 

Lower  surface 

Inflorescence 

Regularity 

No.  of  sepals 

Shape  of  corolla  _ 

Insertion  of  stamens 

No.  of  carpels 

Cohesion 

Shape  of  ovary 

No.  of  cells No.  of  ovules. 

Placentation 

Fruit 

Family  or  Order 

Genus 

fe  "1  Common  Name 

Habitat 

Remarks 


Perfectness 

Cohesion 

No.  of  petals 

Color 

No.  of  stamens.. 


r 


L 


Species 


lyocality. 


fa 

< , 
w  1 


^^ 

o 

►4 
fa 


<i  -I 
> 

o 


—  20  — 

■  No Date 

Class Character. 

Insertion 

Venation 

Form 

Margin  

Upper  surface  

Lower  surface „ 

Inflorescence 

Regularity 

No.  of  sepals 

Shape  of  corolla  

Insertion  of  stamens 

No.  of  carpels 

Cohesion 

Shape  of  ovary 

No.  of  cells No.  of  ovules. 

Placentation 

Fruit 

Family  or  Order 

Genus 

Common  Name 

Habitat 

Remarks 


Perfectness 

Cohesion 

No.  of  petals 

Color 

No.  of  stamens. 


Species 


Locality. 


—  21  — 

. 

No 

Date 

w 

Class 

Insertion 

Character 

Venation 

fe 

Form 

< 

Margin  

Upper  surface 

Lower  surface 

LEAF. 

Inflorescence 

Perfectness 



(Vi 

Regularity 

Cohesion 

K 

o 

No.  of  sepals 

No.  of  petals 

fe 

Shape  of  corolla  

Color... 

Insertion  of  stamens 

No.  of  stameri:? 

No.  of  carpels 

Cohesion 

> 

Shape  of  ovary 

<  ■ 

> 

o 

No.  of  cells 

Placentation 

No.  of  ovules 

Fruit 

Family  or  Order 

' FLOWER. 

y. 

Genus 

Species  

Common  Name 

Habitat 

Locality ; 

>H 

Remarks 

«  • 

CO 


22 

Date 

Character. 


o 


No 

Class 

Insertion 

Venation 

Form 

Margin  

Upper  surface 
Lower  surface 

Inflorescence Perfectness 

Regularity Cohesion 

No.  of  sepals No.  of  petals 

Shape  of  corolla  Color 

Insertion  of  stamens No.  of  stamens.. 

No.  of  carpels 
Cohesion 
Shape  of  ovary.. 

No.  of  cells No.  of  ovules. 

Placentation., 
Fruit. 


Family  or  Order 

Genus 

Common  Name  ... 

Habitat „ 

Remarks 


Species 


Locality 


No. 


24  — 
Date. 


Class Character. 

Insertion 

Venation 

Form 

Margin  

Upper  surface 

Lower  surface 

Inflorescence 

Regularity 

No.  of  sepals 

Shape  of  corolla  

Insertion  of  stamens 

No.  of  carpels  

Cohesion 

Shape  of  ovary 

No.  of  cells No.  of  ovules. 

Placentation 

Fruit 

Family  or  Order 

Genus 

Common  Name 

Habitat _ 

Remarks 


Perfectness _ 

Cohesion 

No.  of  petals 

Color 

No.  of  stamens.. 


Species 


Locality. 


No. 


—  2,")  — 
Date- 


Class .; Character 

Insertion _ 

Venation 

Form 

Margin  

Upper  surface 

Lower  surface 

'  Inflorescence Perfectness.. 


o 


Regularity 

No.  of  sepals 

Shape  of  corolla 

Insertion  of  stamens 

No.  of  carpels 

Cohesion 

Shape  of  ovary 

No.  of  cells No.  of  ovules. 

Placentation 

Fruit 


Cohesion 

No.  of  petals 

Color 

No.  of  stamens.. 


Family  or  Order 

Genus 

Common  Name  .., 

Habitat *... 

Remarks 


Species 


Locality. 


FLOWER. 


I 


No y 

Class  

Insertion  „ 

Venation  

Form - - 

Margin  

Upper  surface 

Lower  surface 

Inflorescence 

Regularitj'- 

'  i  No.  of  sepals 

Shape  of  corolla  _ ~^ 

Insertion  of  stamens 

No.  of  carpels 

I  Cohesion 

,i 

g  }  Shape  of  ovary 

No.  of  cells No.  of  ovules 

Placentation 

Fruit 

Faniih'  or  Order 

Genus  

Common  Name 

Habitat ..  

[  Remarks  


r 


Date 

Character. 


Perfectness 

Cohesion 

No.  of  petals 

Color 

No.  of  stamens 


L 


Species 


Locality. 


No. 


—  27  — 
Date.. 


W 

o 


Class Character. 

Insertion „_ _ 

Venation 

Form 

Margin 

Upper  surface 

Lower  surface 

Inflorescence 

Regularity 

No.  of  sepals 

Shape  of  corolla  

Insertion  of  stamens 

No.  of  carpels 

Cohesion 

vShape  of  ovarj' 

No.  of  cells No.  of  ovules. 

Placentation 

Fruit 

Family  or  Order 

Genus 

Common  Name 

Habitat 

Remarks 


Perfectness 

Cohesion 

No.  of  petals 

Color 

No.  of  stamens.. 


Species 


Locality.. 


—  2-S  — 

'  No 

Date 

w  I  Class 

" Character 

■L 

Insertion 



Venation 

_ „ „ 

u, 

Form..- 

< 
h4 

Margin  

Upper  surface  

I/Ower  surface 

Inflorescence „ 

LEAF. 

P'i 

Regularity 

Cohesion 

W 

o 

No.  of  sepals 

No.  of  petals 

fa 

Shape  of  corolla  _ 

- Color 

Insertion  of  stamens 

No.  of  stamen"^ 

No,  of  carpels 

Cohesion 

(y; 

Shape  of  ovary 

> 
C 

No.  of  cells 

Placentation 

No.  of  ovules 

Fruit _ 

Family  or  Order 

FLOWER. 

^ 

M 

< 

M    . 
fe    1 

Genus 

Species 

Common  Name 

Habitat 

Remarks 

Locality 

20  — 


Date 

..Character. 


'  No 

Class 

Insertion 

Venation 

Form 

Margin  

Upper  surface 

Lower  surface 

Inflorescence Perfectness 

Regularity Cohesion 

No.  of  sepals No.  of  petals 

Shape  of  corolla  Color 

Insertion  of  stamens No.  of  stamtns 

No.  of  carpels 

Cohesion 

Shape  of  ovary 

No.  of  cells No.  of  ovules 

Placentation 


Fruit. 


FLOWER. 


Family  or  Order 

Genus 

Common  Name  ... 

Habitat 

Remarks 


Species 


Locality.. 


—  30  — 


No Date 

Class _ _ _ „Character. 

Insertion „ 

Venation „ „ 

Form „ „ „ 

Margin  „ 

Upper  surface 

Lower  surface 

Inflorescence 

Regularity 

No.  of  sepals 

Shape  of  corolla  

Insertion  of  stamens 

No.  of  carpels 

Cohesion 

Shape  of  ovary 

No.  of  cells....^ No.  of  ovules 

Placentation 

Fruit 


Perfectness 

Cohesion 

No.  of  petals 

Color '. 

No.  of  stamens.. 


Family  or  Order 

Genus 

Common  Name  ... 

Habitat 

Remarks 


Species 


Locality.. 


FLOWER. 


[No 

Class 

Insertion 

Venation 

Form 

Margin  „ 

Upper  surface 
I,ower  surface 
Inflorescence .... 
Regularity 


81  — 
Date 

...Character. 


Perfectness 

Cohesion 

-  No.  of  sepals No-  of  petals 


r 


Shape  of  corolla  Color 

Insertion  of  stamens No.  of  stamens 

No.  of  carpels 

Cohesion 

Shape  of  ovary 

No.  of  cells No.  of  ovules 

Placentation 

Fruit 

Family  or  Order 

Genus _Species  

S  ■>  Common  Name 

Habitat Locality 

Remarks 


I 


No 

Class 

Insertion 

Venation 

Form 

Margin  

Upper  surface 

Lower  surface 

Inflorescence 

Regularity 

No.  of  sepals 

Shape  of  corolla  

Insertion  of  stamens 

No,  of  carpels 

Cohesion 

Shape  of  ovary 

No.  of  cells No.  of  ovules 

Placentation 

Fruit 


Date 

— - Character . 


L_ 

Perfectness 

Cohesion 

No.  of  petals 

Color 

No.  of  stamens . 


Family  or  Order 

Genus 

Common  Name  .. 

Habitat 

Remarks 


Species 


Locality. 


No 

Class 

Insertion 

Venation 

Form 

Margin  

Upper  surface 

Lower  surface 

Inflorescence 

Regularity 

No.  of  sepals 

Shape  of  corolla  _ 

Insertion  of  stamens 

No.  of  carpels 

Cohesion 

Shape  of  ovary 

No.  of  cells No.  of  ovules 

Placentation 

Fruit 

Family  or  Order 

Genus 

Common  Name 

Habitat 

Remarks 


—  3:1  — 
Date 

Character. 


Perfectness 

Cohesion 

No.  of  petals 

Color 

No.  of  stamens.. 


Species 


Locality. 


I 


—  34  — 

Date. 


No. 

Class 

Insertion 

Venation 

Form 

Margin  

Upper  surface  

Lower  surface 

'  Inflorescence 

Regularity 

No.  of  sepals 

Shape  of  corolla  

Insertion  of  stamens 

No.  of  carpels „ 

Cohesion 

Shape  of  ovarj^ 

No.  of  cells No.  of  ovules 

Placentation 

Fruit 


.Character. 


Perfectness 

Cohesion 

No.  of  petals 

Color 

No.  of  stamens 


Family  or  Order 

Genus 

Common  Name  ... 
Habitat 


Species 


Locality.. 


Remarks 


w  -! 


No Date 

Class Character. 

Insertion 

Venation 

Form 

Margin  

Upper  surface 

Lower  surface _ 


r 


Inflorescence 

Regularity 

No.  of  sepals 

Shape  of  corolla  _ 

Insertion  of  stamens 

No.  of  carpels 

Cohesion 

Shape  of  ovary 

No.  of  cells No.  of  ovules. 

Placentation 

Fruit 

Family  or  Order 

Genus 

S  i  Common  Name 

Habitat 

Remarks 


Perfectness 

Cohesion 

No.  of  petals 

Color 

No.  of  stamens. 


Species 


Locality. 


30  — 
Date 

...Character . 


No 

Class 

Insertion 

Venation 

Form 

Margin  

Upper  surface 
Lower  surface 

Inflorescence Perfectness 

Regularity Cohesion 

I  -j  No.  of  sepals No.  of  petals 

Shape  of  corolla  Color 

Insertion  of  stamens No.  of  stamens 

No.  of  carpels 
Cohesion 
Shape  of  ovary 

No.  of  cells No.  of  ovules. 

Placentation. 
Fruit. 


Family  or  Order 

Genus 

Common  Name  .. 

Habitat 

Remarks 


Species 


lyocality.. 


No. 


—  37  — 
Date.... 


Class Character. 

Insertion .  


L 

I  Inflorescence 

I  Regularity 


Venation 

Form 

^largin  

Upper  surface 

Lower  surface  „ 

Perfectness 

Cohesion 

g  -I  No.  of  sepals No.  of  petals  .. 

Shape  of  corolla  Color 

Insertion  of  stamens No.  of  stamens 

No.  of  carpels 

Cohesion 

Shape  of  ovary 

No.  of  cells No.  of  ovules 

Placentation 

(^  Fruit 


<  ■! 

> 

O 


Family  or  Order 

Genus 

£  ^  Common  Name  . 

Habitat 

Remarks 


Species 


Locality. 


No. 


Class. 


Date 

..Character. 


Insertion 

Venation 

Form 

Margin  

Upper  surface 
Lower  surface 

'  Inflorescence Perfectuess 

Regularity Cohesion 

No.  of  sepals No.  of  petals.... 

Shape  of  corolla  Color 

Insertion  of  stamens No.  of  stamens 

No.  of  carpels 
Cohesion 
Shape  of  ovary- 
No.  of  cells No.  of  ovules 

Placentation 


Famil)'^  or  Order 

Genus 

Common  Name  ... 

Habitat _.. 

Remarks 


FLOWER. 


Species 


Locality. 


—  .3!) 


c 


►4 


No 

Class 

Insertion . 

Venation 

Form 

Margin  

Upper  surface 

Lower  surface 

I  Inflorescence .... 


.  I  Regularity. 


-I  No.  of  sepals 


Date 

Character . 


Shape  of  corolla  

Insertion  of  stamens 

No.  of  carpels 

Cohesion 

Shape  of  ovary 

No.  of  cells No.  of  ovules 

Placentation 

Fruit 

Family  or  Order 

Genus 

u  ^  Common  Name  

Habitat 

Remarks 


I 


Species 


Locality.. 


w  ■ 

c/2 


<  , 

w  1 


—  ■]()  — 

f  No Date 

Class _ Character 

Insertion 

Venation 

Form 

Margin  

Upper  surface 

Lower  surface 

Perfectness.. 

Cohesion  .... 


'  Inflorescence 
Regularity 


w 

I  ■!  No.  of  sepals No.  of  petals. 

►4 


Pi 

<  \ 
> 

o 


Shape  of  corolla  

Insertion  of  stamens 

No.  of  carpels 

Cohesion 

Shape  of  ovary 

No.  of  cells No.  of  ovules. 

Placentation 

Fruit 

Family  or  Order 

Genus 

Common  Name 

Habitat _ 

Remarks 


Color 

No.  of  stamens.. 


Species 


Locality. 


Si 


No 

Class 

Insertion 

Venation „ 

Form 

Margin  

Upper  surface 

I^ower  surface -... 

Inflorescence „ 

Regularity 

No.  of  sepals 

Shape  of  corolla 

Insertion  of  stamens 

No.  of  carpels 

Cohesion 

Shape  of  ovary 

No.  of  cells No.  of  ovules 

Placentation 

Fruit 

Family  or  Order 

Genus 

Common  Name „ 

Habitat 

Remarks 


41  — 
Date.. 


Character. 


Perfectness 

Cohesion 

No.  of  petals 

Color 

No.  of  stamens.. 


Species 


Locality. 


w  ■ 


42  — 
Date 

..Character. 


p^  -I 
o 


No 

Class 

Insertion _ 

Venation  

Form „ _ 

Margin „ 

Upper  surface 

Ivower  surface  ..„ 

Inflorescence — „ Perfectness 

Regularity Cohesion 

No.  of  sepals No.  of  petals 


Shape  of  corolla  _ _ _ Color 

Insertion  of  stamens No.  of  stamens 

No.  of  carpels 

Cohesion '. 

Shape  of  ovary 

No.  of  cells No.  of  ovules 

Placentation 

Fruit _ 

Family  or  Order 

Genus  Species  

Common  Name 

Habitat Locality 

Remarks  


No 

Class 

Insertion . 
Venation 


x^orm. 


Margin 

Upper  surface 

Lower  surface 

Inflorescence 

Regularity 

No.  of  sepals 

Shape  of  corolla  

Insertion  of  stamens . 
No.  of  carpels 


<  i. 

> 

O 


—  4;{  — 
Date. 


.Character. 


Perfectness 

Cohesion 

No.  of  petals 

Color 

No.  of  stamens.. 


Cohesion 

Shape  of  ovary 

No.  of  cells No.  of  ovules. 

Placentation 

Fruit 


Family  or  Order 

Genus 

Common  Name  .. 

Habitat 

[  Remarks 


Species 


Locality. 


'  Inflorescence. 
Regularity 


►4 


Insertion 

Venation 

Form. 

I^Iargin 

Upper  surface 

l/ower  surface 

- Perfectness 

Cohesion 

No.  of  sepals No.  of  petals 

Shape  of  corolla  _ „_ Color 

Insertion  of  stamens No.  of  stamens 

No.  of  carpels  ,„ 
Cohesion 
Shape  of  ovary- 
No.  of  cells No.  of  ovules. 

Placentation. 


Famil}'  or  Order 

Genus 

Common  Name  .. 
Habitat 


Species 


Locality.. 


Reraarhs 


w  -I 


r 


[No 

Class  

Insertion 

Venation ., 

Form 

Margin  

Upper  surface 

Lower  surface 

Inflorescence 

Regularity 

No.  of  sepals 

Shape  of  corolla  

Insertion  of  stamens 

No.  of  carpels 

Cohesion 

Shape  of  ovary 

No.  of  cells No.  of  ovules 

Placentation 

Fruit 

Family  or  Order 

Genus 

£  "i  Common  Name 

Habitat 

Remarks 


—  45  — 

Date 

Character. 


Perfectness 

Cohesion 

No.  of  petals 

Color _ 

No.  of  stamens . 


L 


Species 


Locality.. 


Inflorescence Perfectness 

Regularity , Cohesion 

No.  of  sepals No.  of  petals 

Shape  of  corolla  Color 

Insertion  of  stamens No.  of  stamens. 

No.  of  carpels , 
Cohesion 
Shape  of  ovarj''. 

No.  of  cells No.  of  ovules. 

Placentation. 
Fruit. 

Family  or  Order 

Genus Species  .. 

Common  Name 

Habitat Locality. 

Remarks 


o 


.  f  No 

Class 

Insertion 

Venation 

Form 

Margin  

Upper  surface 

Lower  surface 

Inflorescence 

Regularity 

No.  of  sepals 

Shape  of  corolla  

Insertion  of  stamen.s 

No.  of  carpels 

Cohesion 

Shape  of  ovary 

No.  of  cells No.  of  ovules 

Placentation 

Fruit 

Family  or  Order 

Genus 

S  ■>  Common  Name 

Habitat 

Remarks 


o 


—  47  — 
.    Date.. 

Character. 


L 


Perfectness 

Cohesion 

No.  of  petals 

Color _ 

No.  of  stamens 


Species 


Locality.. 


—  48  — 

Date 

— „ _  Character . 


r  No 

Class 

Insertion 

Venation 

Form 

Margin  

Upper  surface 
Lower  surface 

Inflorescence Perfectness 

Regularity Cohesion 

No.  of  sepals No.  of  petals. 

Shape  of  corolla  Color 

Insertion  of  stamens No.  of  stamens.. 

No.  of  carpels 
Cohesion 
Shape  of  ovary.. 

No.  of  cells No.  of  ovules. 

Placentation.. 


Family  or  Order 

Genus 

Common  Name  ... 

Habitat 

Remarks 


Species 


lyocality.. 


—  49  — 
No Date 

Class Character. 

lusertion 

Venation 

Form 

Margin  

Upper  surface 

Lower  surface 


<  ■! 

> 

o 


Inflorescence 

Regularity 

No.  of  sepals 

Shape  of  corolla  _ 

Insertion  of  stamens 

No.  of  carpels 

Cohesion „ 

Shape  of  ovary „ 

No.  of  cells No.  of  ovules. 

Placentation 

Fruit 

Family  or  Order 

Genus 

Common  Name 

Habitat 

Remarks 


Perfectness 

Cohesion 

No.  of  petals 

Color 

No.  of  stamens 


Species 


Locality.. 


—  50  — 
No Date 

Class , Character 

Insertion 

Venation ^ 

Form 

Margin  

Upper  surface  

Lower  surface 

Inflorescence „ Perfectness.. 

Regularity Cohesion  .... 


No.  of  sepals No.  of  petals 

Shape  of  corolla  Color 

Insertion  of  stamens No.  of  stamens 


No.  of  carpels 

Cohesion 

Shape  of  ovary 

No.  of  cells No.  of  ovules. 

Placentation 


Fruit 

Family  or  Order 

Genus 

Common  Name  ... 

Habitat 

Remarks 


Species 


Locality.. 


No 

Class 

Insertion 

Venation 

Form 

Margin  

Upper  surface  . 
Lower  surface 
Inflorescence .... 
Regularity 


r 


.")!  — 
Date 

.Character. 


Perfectness.. 
Cohesion  .... 


w 

^  -I  No.  of  sepals No.  of  petals. 


Shape  of  corolla  _ 

Insertion  of  stamens 

No.  of  carpels 

Cohesion 

Shape  of  ovary 

'^  I  No.  of  cells No.  of  ovules. 

Placentation 


Color 

No.  of  stamens. 


Fruit 

Family  or  Order 

Genus 

Common  Name  .. 

Habitat 

Remarks 


Species 


Locality. 


«  ■! 


r  No 

Class 

Insertion 

Venation 

Form 

Margin  

Upper  surface  

Lower  surface 

Inflorescence 

Regularity 

No.  of  sepals 

Shape  of  corolla  

Insertion  of  stamens 

No.  of  carpels „ „... 

Cohesion 

Shape  of  ovary 

No.  of  cells No.  of  ovules 

Placentation 


—  52  — 

Date 

Character. 


Perfectness 

Cohesion 

No.  of  petals 

Color 

No.  of  stamens 


Fruit 

Family  or  Order 

Genus 

Common  Name  ... 

Habitat 

Remarks 


Species 


Locality.. 


.  I  Regularity 


^  ]  No.  of  sepals 


Shape  of  corolla  . 
Insertion  of  stamens 

No.  of  carpels 

Cohesion 

Shape  of  ovary 

No.  of  cells No.  of  ovules 

Placentation 


> 
<  \ 


Fruit. 


Family  or  Order 

Genus 

Common  Name 

Habitat 

Remarks 


Species 


Locality. 


FLOWKR. 


No. 


54  — 
Date. 


Class Character 

Insertion 

Venation 

Form 

Margin  

TTpper  surface 

Lower  surface -. 

Perfectness.. 

Cohesion .... 


'  Inflorescence 
Regularity 


^  -I  No.  of  sepals No.  of  petals. 

Shape  of  corolla  Color 

Insertion  of  stamens No.  of  stamens.. 

No.  of  carpels 
Cohesion 
Shape  of  ovary.. 

No.  of  cells No.  of  ovules. 

Placentation.. 


Famil}^  or  Order 

Genus 

Common  Name  .. 

Habitat _.. 

Remarks 


Species 


Locality. 


^-  -! 


f  No Date 

Class Character 

Insertion .  

Venation 

Form 

Margin  

Upper  surface  

Lower  surface 


L 

f  Inflorescence 

I  Regularity 


{  No.  of  sepals 

Shape  of  corolla  

Insertion  of  stamens.  

No.  of  carpels .* 

Cohesion 

Shape  of  ovary 

No.  of  cells No.  of  ovules. 

Placentation 

Fruit 

Family  or  Order 

Genus '. 

Common  Name  

Habitat 

Remarks 


Perfectness 

Cohesion 

No.  of  petals 

Color 

No.  of  stamens 


Species 


Locality.. 


No. 


—  56  — 
Date- 


Class „ Character. 

Insertion 

Venation 

Form 

Margin  

Upper  surface 

Lower  surface 

Inflorescence , 

Regularity 


Perfectness.. 
Cohesion  .... 


^  -I  No.  of  sepals No.  of  petals. 


<  ■! 

> 

o 


Shape  of  corolla  

Insertion  of  stamens 

No.  of  carpels 

Cohesion 

Shape  of  ovary 

No.  of  cells No.  of  ovules. 

Placentation 

Fruit 

Family  or  Order 

Genus 

Common  Name 

Habitat _ 

^  Remarks 


Color 

No.  of  stamens.. 


Species 


Locality. 


No. 
Class 

Insertion 

Venation 

Form  

Margin 
Upper  surface 
Lower  surface 


^ 


f  Inflorescence 
Regularity 


f 


No.  of  sepals  . 

Shape  of  corolla 

Insertion  of  stamens 

No.  of  carpels  

Cohesion 

^     Shape  of  ovary 

<\ 

O  I  No.  of  cells 

I 

Placentation 


Fruit 


Family  or  Order 

Genus 

2  ■!  Common  Name  . 
Habitat 
Remarks 


57  — 
Date,. 


.Character 


.. 1 


No.  of  ovules 


Species 


Locality 


No. 

Class 

Insertion 

—  58  — 
Date 

_ Character 

1 
1 

Venation                

Form                „ 

Margin  

Lower  surface 
Inflorescence       

LE 

> 

Perfectness 

Regularity               

Cohesion 

No.  of  sepals 
Shape  of  corolla 
Insertion  of  stamens 
No.  of  carpels 

No.  of  petals 

Color 

No.  of  stamens 

Cohesion                 

> 

Shape  of  ovary 

No.  of  cells 

Placentation 

Fruit 

Family  or  Order 

Genus  

Common  Name 

Habitat 
Remarks 

0^ 

> 

No.  of  ovules                       .   - 

FLO 

O 

'J 

Species  

Locality 

Q 

DRAWINGS. 


5f) 


DESCRIPTIONS. 


(1) 

3 
4 

5 

6 

7 
8 

9 

lO 

' 

(1) 


10 


DRAWIKas. 


(30 


DESCRIPTIONS. 


(1) 


(1) 


I  6 


lO 


9 


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